Eye disease and vision loss also cost the United States $68 billion annually. Age-related macular degeneration alone results in a loss of more than $40 billion annually on the US gross national product. Glaucoma represents an estimated $2.5 billion in annual healthcare costs, including $1.95 billion in direct medical expenses.

This eBook explores the most common eye diseases and their social and economic impact, including age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. The early detection of these eye diseases and other chronic health conditions through a routine vision exam can lead to earlier treatment, better outcomes and lower costs for health plans and members.